Architecture of DBMS

Architecture of DBMS

  • The DBMS design depends upon the architecture. 
  • For dealing with large numbers of pc and web servers, database servers, and other components basic client/server architecture is used.
  • The architecture of DBMS depends on the computer on which we run the database. 
  • A DBMS can be centralized i.e all data stored at one location, decentralized i.e multiple copies of the database at different locations or hierarchical, depending upon its architecture.
  •  DBMS architecture can be either a single-tier or multi-tier. An architecture having n-tier splits the entire system into related but independent n modules that can be independently customized, changed, altered, or replaced. 
Types of DBMS Architecture



1-Tier Architecture:-
  • In 1-tier architecture database is directly used by the end-user. It means that the user can directly use the database for storing the data, retrieving the data, etc. 
  • If the user made any changes in the database it can be done on the database itself. It doesn't provide a handy tool for end-users.
  • For the development of the local application, 1-tier architecture is used, where programmers can directly communicate with the database for the quick response.
2-Tier Architecture:-
  • In 2-tier architecture, the Application layer is used between the users and the database which is responsible for the communication between the client and the server. This Application layer sends the client request to the DBMS and sends response back from the DBMS to the user.
  • For communicating between the client and server an Application interface known as ODBC(open database connectivity) provides an API that allows the client-side programs request the DBMS and response sends back to the users.
  • The user interface and application programs are run on the client-side.
  • The server side is responsible for Query Processing and Transaction Management.
  • There is one vital role played by the architecture is that it provides the DBMS extra security as it is not exposed to the End-User directly. Also in the application layer security can be improved by adding security and authentication checks.


3-Tier Architecture:-
  • It is an extension of 2-tier architecture. In 2-tier architecture application layer is present for communicating between the client and the server to perform various operations on the DBMS.
  • The 3-tier architecture contains another layer between the client and the server. The client cant communicate directly with the database system which is present at the server machine.
  • In 3-tier architecture client application communicate with the server application and the server application communicate with the database system which is present at the server.
  • In this architecture, the End-Users has no idea about the existence of a database beyond the application server and the database also has no idea about any other user beyond the application.
  • In the case of large web applications 3-Tier architecture is used.





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